页岩油的储层特征及其影响因素分析——以沾化凹陷罗家地区为例     

贾屾  姜在兴 《中国地质调查》2020,7(2):13-20

为查明沾化凹陷罗家地区古近系沙河街组三段下亚段页岩油的储层特征及其影响要素,通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜等多种资料综合分析,开展页岩油储层岩性、储层空间类型、影响因素及页岩油储层评价参数的研究。结果表明: 综合矿物成分和沉积构造2个因素,可将研究区页岩油储层岩性划分为7种类型; 不同岩性储集空间发育有较大差异,纹层状泥质灰岩和纹层状灰岩储集空间最为发育,纹层状灰质泥岩储集空间较发育,块状泥岩储集空间发育一般,块状泥质灰岩、块状灰质泥岩及纹层状粉砂岩储集空间发育较差; 研究区页岩油储层储集空间的发育主要受矿物成分、沉积构造、有机质含量和赋存方式以及成岩作用的影响。以此为基础,选取方解石含量、纹层状构造、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量、镜质体反射率(R_o)及孔隙度作为页岩油储层评价参数,将沾化凹陷罗家地区页岩油储层分为优质储层、有利储层和不利储层3类。  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS OF TECTONIC STRESS FIELD OF THE XIAOWAN RESERVOIR BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPOUNDMENT          下载免费PDF全文

HUANG Hao  FU Hong 《地震地质》2019,41(6):1413-1428

Using the seismic waveform data of Xiaowan seismic network and Yunnan seismic network, we determined the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015 by generalized polarity and amplitude technique. We inverted tectonic stress field of the Xiaowan reservoir before impounding, using the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and CAP solutions of 58 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 4.0)collected and the solutions in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor(GCMT)catalog; We inverted local stress field of the reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area, using 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015. Focal mechanisms statistics show that, the Weixi-Qiaohou Fault is the seismic fault. Focal mechanisms were strike-slip type in initial stage, but normal fault type in later stage. Focal depths statistics of 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)show that, the average value of focal depths in period Ⅰ, period Ⅱ and period Ⅲ are 8.2km, 7.3km and 7.8km respectively and the standard deviations are 4.3km, 3.5km and 6.0km respectively. The average value of focal depths is basically stable in different period, only the standard deviation is slightly different. Therefore, there is not positive connection between focal depth and deviation of focal mechanisms. What's more, there are 2 earthquakes(number 46 and number 47 in Fig.5 and Table 3)with almost the same magnitude, epicenter and focal depth, but they have different faulting types as normal and strike-slip. The focal mechanism of event No.46 is strike:302°, dip:40° and rake:-97° for plane Ⅰ, however, the focal mechanism of event No.47 is strike:292°, dip:82° and rake:140° for plane Ⅰ. Likewise, earthquake of number 3 and number 18 have similar characteristic. Therefore, the obvious focal mechanism difference of similar earthquake pair indicates the complexity of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault. Considering the quiet-active character of reservoir-triggered earthquakes, we discussed the change of local stress field in different period. The σ₁ of tectonic stress field was in the near-south direction, with a dip angle of 14° before the impoundment, however, the direction of σ₁ of local stress field changed continuously, with the dip angle getting larger after the impoundment. The direction of σ₁ of local stress field of reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area is close to the strike of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault, and reservoir impoundment increased the shear stress in the fault, so the weakening of fault was beneficial to trigger earthquakes. Comprehensive analysis suggests that fluid permeation and pore pressure diffusion caused by the water impounding, and the weakening of fault caused by local stress field are the key factors to trigger earthquake in the Xiaowan reservoir.  相似文献   

Hydrological impact of a reservoir network in the upper Gan River Basin,China     

Ningpeng Dong  Zhongbo Yu  Chuanguo Yang  Mingxiang Yang  Wenzhuo Wang 《水文研究》2019,33(12):1709-1723

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考虑劣化屈服老化裂纹后混凝土水库堤坝排水边坡抗震性研究          下载免费PDF全文

石晶  李伟 《地震工程学报》2019,41(6):1506-1513

针对在水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土裂纹的抗震性研究中,未考虑岩土体抗剪强度参数的劣化屈服效应以及混凝土裂纹的老化,存在抗震性判断结果准确率较差等问题,提出水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土考虑老化后产生裂纹的抗震性能研究方法。模拟强震下边坡混凝土的开裂破坏过程,根据D-P屈服准则,实现对闸墩混凝土材料的屈服判断。采用薄层整体单元模拟和分离式裂纹单元,实现混凝土裂纹的数值模拟,加载地震波后,获取混凝土裂纹的强震响应规律与破坏特征。实验结果可知,本文方法对坝体位移变化的研究精度高,得到的混凝土裂纹扩展范围更为准。运用本文方法对水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土的抗震性研究准确率以及可信度较高,说明本文方法具有一定的可取性。  相似文献   

Estimating the sediment trap efficiency of intermittently dry reservoirs: lessons from the Kruger National Park,South Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Bastian Reinwarth  Edward S. Riddell  Christoph Glotzbach  Jussi Baade 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(2):463-481

The assessment of sediment yield from reservoir siltation requires knowledge of the reservoir's sediment trap efficiency (TE). Widely used approaches for the estimation of the long‐term mean TE rely on the ratio of the reservoir's storage capacity (C) to its catchment size (A) or mean annual inflow (I). These approaches have been developed from a limited number of reservoirs (N ≤ 40), most of them located in temperate climate regions. Their general applicability to reservoirs receiving highly variable runoff such as in semi‐arid areas has been questioned. Here, we examine the effect of ephemeral inflow on the TE of 10 small (≤ 280 × 10³ m³), intermittently dry reservoirs located in the Kruger National Park. Fieldwork was conducted to determine the storage capacity of the reservoir basins. The frequency and magnitude of spillage events was simulated with the daily time step Pitman rainfall–runoff model. Different runoff scenarios were established to cope with uncertainties arising from the lack of runoff records and imperfect input data. Scenarios for the relationship between water and sediment discharge were created based on sediment rating curves. Taking into account uncertainties in hydrological modelling, uncertainties of mean TE estimates, calculated from all scenarios (N = 9), are moderate, ranging from ±6 to ±11% at the 95% confidence level. By comparison, estimating TE from the storage capacity to catchment area (C/A) ratio induces high uncertainty (ranges of 35 to 65%), but this uncertainty can be confined (15 to 33%) when the latter approach is combined with hydrological modelling. Established methods relying on the storage capacity to mean annual inflow (C/I) ratio most probably lead to an overestimation of the TE for the investigated reservoirs. The approach presented here may be used instead to estimate the TE of small, intermittently dry reservoirs in semi‐arid climate regions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于微纳米孔隙理论的页岩气储层岩石物理建模方法          下载免费PDF全文

印林杰  印兴耀  宗兆云  陈本池  陈祖庆 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1642-1653

页岩储层由于其复杂的构造和孔隙特征,目前一般的岩石物理模型无法对其进行精确描述.微纳米孔隙作为页岩气主要的储集空间,对页岩整体弹性参数有较大影响.干酪根作为页岩中重要的有机质矿物,在页岩中的赋存状态随成熟度不同而变化,同时干酪根也是纳米级孔隙的主要发育场所.目前常规的岩石物理建模方法没有体现微纳米孔隙的作用,同时较少考虑不同成熟度下干酪根对页岩储层弹性性质的影响.本文采用一种微纳米孔隙理论描述页岩微纳米孔隙特性,考虑微纳米孔隙和不同成熟度下干酪根的赋存状态,应用上述微纳米孔隙模型、各向异性SCA-DEM模型、各向异性Eshelby-Cheng模型和Brown-Korringa固体替换方程等建立一种新的页岩储层岩石物理模型.利用中国西南某工区页岩气井对该模型进行验证,模型预测的横波速度与测井速度拟合较好.结果表明不同干酪根成熟度的页岩岩石物理建模结果具有一定的差异,据此可大致区分该工区井的干酪根成熟度;最后对微纳米孔参数进行正演分析,结果反映了页岩的纵横波速度随微纳米孔隙参数的变化趋势.  相似文献   

What about reservoirs? Questioning anthropogenic and climatic interferences on water availability     

Abdullah Akbas  Jim Freer  Hasan Ozdemir  Paul D. Bates  M. Tufan Turp 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5441-5455

Water resources in semi-arid regions like the Mediterranean Basin are highly vulnerable because of the high variability of weather systems. Additionally, climate change is altering the timing and pattern of water availability in a region where growing populations are placing extra demands on water supplies. Importantly, how reservoirs and dams have an influence on the amount of water resources available is poorly quantified. Therefore, we examine the impact of reservoirs on water resources together with the impact of climate change in a semi-arid Mediterranean catchment. We simulated the Susurluk basin (23.779-km²) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. We generate results for with (RSV) and without reservoirs (WRSV) scenarios. We run simulations for current and future conditions using dynamically downscaled outputs of the MPI-ESM-MR general circulation model under two greenhouse gas relative concentration pathways (RCPs) in order to reveal the coupled effect of reservoir and climate impacts. Water resources were then converted to their usages – blue water (water in aquifers and rivers), green water storage (water in the soil) and green water flow (water losses by evaporation and transpiration). The results demonstrate that all water resources except green water flow are projected to decrease under all RCPs compared to the reference period, both long-term and at seasonal scales. However, while water scarcity is expected in the future, reservoir storage is shown to be adequate to overcome this problem. Nevertheless, reservoirs reduce the availability of water, particularly in soil moisture stores, which increases the potential for drought by reducing streamflow. Furthermore, reservoirs cause water losses through evaporation from their open surfaces. We conclude that pressures to protect society from economic damage by building reservoirs have a strong impact on the fluxes of watersheds. This is additional to the effect of climate change on water resources.  相似文献   

蔚县矿区地面沉陷InSAR多维形变监测     

杜建涛  闫丽  赵超英 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):168-173

河北蔚县是我国华北地区最大的地下采煤区之一，该地区长期存在采矿塌陷灾害，不仅威胁采矿安全，而且严重破坏当地生态环境。本文基于合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）这一新型空间对地观测技术，采用61景Sentinel-1A/B干涉宽幅（Interferometric Wide swath，IW）模式数据进行矿区形变观测，获取整个矿区在2017—2018年间的地表形变空间分布特征，并对矿区地表的沉降量级及面积进行详细的统计分析。此外，采用融合多轨道SAR数据的多维形变时序估计方法，对西细庄矿数据进行东西向和垂向的二维形变分解，获取该矿的二维形变时间序列。结果表明:除南留庄井田外，其余三大井田在监测期间均存在不同程度的地面沉陷灾害；整个矿区年沉陷速率超过-10 cm/a的区域达到了2.16 km2；受成像几何影响，不同轨道数据获取的形变结果存在一定差异；西细庄矿以垂向形变为主，伴随明显的东西向水平形变。研究结果为蔚县矿区地面沉陷监测与煤矿安全开采提供数据参考。   相似文献   

库车坳陷克深气田致密砂岩储层构造裂缝形成序列与分布规律     

王珂  杨海军  李勇  张荣虎  杨学君  王俊鹏 《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(1):30-46

综合采用岩心、薄片和成像测井等资料,对库车坳陷克深气田白垩系巴什基奇克组构造裂缝的形成序列、分布规律和影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:剪切裂缝和张性裂缝在克深气田均有发育,以直立缝和高角度缝为主,主要形成于近南北向的挤压作用、背斜弯曲拱张作用和异常流体高压作用,微观裂缝切穿胶结物和部分颗粒,早期充填构造裂缝可在后期构造应力和异常流体高压作用下重新裂开成为有效裂缝。克深气田发育3期构造裂缝,其中第3期构造裂缝的形成时间与天然气大量充注期吻合,是工业规模性气藏形成的关键因素。单个断背斜高部位的构造应力低于背斜翼部,因此背斜高部位的构造裂缝线密度相对较低,但背斜弯曲变形使裂缝开度较大,有效性好,单井的无阻流量较高;翼部和断层附近构造裂缝线密度较大,但开度较小,有效性差;构造应力、岩石强度和变形时间的不同造成了构造裂缝特征在各气藏之间具有差异性。储层中部第3砂层组的构造裂缝发育程度中等,充填程度相对较低,并且平面上分布连续,可形成连片分布的储层“甜点”区,应成为克深气田开发中的重点层位。对克深气田构造裂缝起主要贡献作用的为水下分流河道和河口坝微相的粉‒细砂岩。  相似文献   

中国石化枯竭气藏型储气库注采技术及发展建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何祖清 《地质与勘探》2020,56(3):605-613

经长输管线输送的天然气注入到地下空间而形成的人工气藏称为地下储气库。国内外现有储气库大多数是枯竭气藏型地下储气库。中国石化储气库建设起步较晚,基础较为薄弱,同时与国内外已建成储气库相比,中石化储气库建设面临的地质条件和注采工况也较为复杂。以中国在建最大储气库项目中原文23储气库为例,其复杂地质条件以及面临的"快瞬变非稳态增压"注采难题需要进行专门研究。分析了目前中石化枯竭型气藏储气库建库现状,提出了建库技术挑战,总结了现阶段取得的注采关键技术研究成果,通过分析中国石化枯竭气藏型储气库注采技术研究现状和最新进展,提出了国产化技术完善、智能化注采营运、一体化模拟实验室的建设等方面的发展建议和要求,为持续加强规模化储气库群建设的支持提供参考。  相似文献